Monthly Archives - February 2026

Several ways of molecular excitation

(1) Thermal excitation to excite electrons in normal state molecules requires a large amount of energy, which can only be achieved in flames and high-temperature furnaces. The energy required to excite molecular vibrations is much smaller, but only a certain proportion of molecular vibrations in heated gases are excited. In normal temperature gases, molecules are in rotation, and the energy required to excite molecular rotation is even smaller. The characteristic of thermal excitation is that the number of molecules...